Communicating (with) Non-Humans

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Call for Papers: Communicating (with) Non-Humans. Animals and Machines as Interlocutors

European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
Date: June 11th/12th 2026

From voice assistants and generative AI to the evolving relationships between humans and their animal companions, language-based communication with non-humans is becoming an increasingly common feature of the everyday. In response, we are seeing a surge in research from linguistics to philosophy to the social sciences, investigating the meanings, quandaries, and realities of this new communicative terrain. This conference aims to build a bridge between the predominantly distinct fields of human–animal and human–machine communication in order to jointly investigate the similarities and differences in our communicative practices when languaging with non-human others.

In human–animal communication, the so-called ‘animal turn’ in the humanities and social sciences has led to a changing understanding of animal actors in social interaction. No longer are they treated as mere objects of communication (see e.g. Bergmann 1988), or addressees (Huneke 2004); animals are instead interactional partners who must be taken seriously (Peltola & Simonen 2024; Szczepek Reed & Lundesjö Kvart 2025). While this turn has materialised unevenly—with primary attention paid to dogs (e.g. Mondémé 2023) and cats (e.g. Harjunpää & Szczepek Reed 2025)—it has ramifications for the study and consideration of all animals (e.g. Cornips 2024).

Rapid changes are also being seen in the field of human–machine interaction, propelled by advances in the linguistic and communicative capabilities of new technologies. Examinations have been launched into the theoretical potential of social robots as everyday companions for humans (Hepp 2020; Pitsch 2023), the specific communication strategies in interaction with voice user interfaces (Cohn et al. 2021; Reineke & Helmer 2024; Beneteau et al. 2019), social and multilingual practices in these interactions (Leblebici 2024; Hector 2023; Zhu et al. 2024; Nikghalb & Cheng 2025), and evolving attitudes towards ‘speaking machines’ such as Alexa or ChatGPT (Dynel 2023; Lehner 2023). Newer LLM-based technology, under the umbrella term of generative AI, raises questions about agency (Heaton et al. 2025), authority (Ferrario, Facchini & Termine 2024; Gefen & Arinze 2023), and the boundaries of language and conversation (Handman 2023; Hill, Randolph Ford & Farreras 2015). The interactional analysis of these technologies is, however, still in its infancy (Dai, Zhu & Chen 2025; Pütz & Esposito 2024).

Many aspects of human–machine and human–animal communication still require investigation, particularly when it comes to the empirical study of mundane everyday interaction, multimodality, and the changing forms of engagement with ever-evolving language technologies. We invite papers presenting original research (both empirical and theoretical) on the interaction and communication between human and non-human interlocutors, the role of non-humans as social actors, and changing conceptualisations of language and communication in the context of “talking” machines and animals.
Potential areas of interest concern (but are not limited to):

• Language attitudes and ideologies regarding non-human interlocutors and their linguistic capacity
• Interaction with (companion) animals and communicative machines in domestic, public or therapeutic environments
• The use of and interaction with voice user interfaces and smart technologies such as Amazon’s Alexa and Google home
• Animal directed speech and “Animal Semiotic Code” (Mondémé 2018)
• The use of and interaction with generative AI (e.g. ChatGPT, Gemini)
• Embodiment and multimodality in interaction with non-humans
• Technologically mediated interactions between humans and animals (e.g. Talking Buttons)
• The construction and representation of human–non-human interaction in social media
• Strategies of addressing and naming non-human others
• Linguistic similarities and differences between humans, animals, and machines
• Posthumanist approaches to communicating (with) non-humans
• Critical investigations of power, in-/exclusion and inequality in human–non-human interaction
• Methodological challenges and strategies for collecting natural interactional data between humans and non-humans

The conference is organized by the DFG-funded Emmy Noether research group “Posthumanist linguistics? Communicative practices between humans, animals, and machines” (team: Miriam Lind (PI), Marlén Jacobshagen, Hannah Sawall). It will take place over two days on June 11th/12th at European University Viadrina in Frankfurt/Oder, Germany. We invite abstract submissions (max. 300 words excluding references) for papers (20 minutes presentation + 10 minutes discussion) to be sent to mtm@europa-uni.de as a .pdf or .docx file. The deadline for submissions is January 31st 2026. Notifications of acceptances will be sent out by February 28th 2026. Feel free to contact us with any questions and to inform us about potential support and accessibility needs.

References:

• Beneteau, Erin, Olivia K. Richards, Mingrui Zhang, Julie A. Kientz, Jason Yip & Alexis Hiniker. 2019. Communication Breakdowns Between Families and Alexa. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–13. Glasgow Scotland Uk: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300473.
• Bergmann, Jörg R. 1988. Haustiere als kommunikative Ressourcen. Soziale Welt Sonderband 6 Kultur und Alltag. 299–312.
• Cohn, Michelle, Kai-Hui Liang, Melina Sarian, Georgia Zellou & Zhou Yu. 2021. Speech Rate Adjustments in Conversations With an Amazon Alexa Socialbot. Frontiers in Communication 6. 671429. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.671429.
• Cornips, Leonie. 2025. How (dairy) cows and humans intertwine languaging practices: recurrent vocalizations are not the same. In Sune Vork Steffensen, Martin Döring & Stephen Cowley (eds.), Language as an ecological phenomenon, 29–54. Bloomsbury.Dai, David Wei, Hua Zhu & Guanliang Chen. 2025. How does interaction with LLM powered chatbots shape human understanding of culture? The need for Critical Interactional Competence (CritIC). Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 45. 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190525000054.
• Dynel, Marta. 2023. Lessons in linguistics with ChatGPT: Metapragmatics, metacommunication, metadiscourse and metalanguage in human-AI interactions. Language & Communication 93. 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2023.09.002.
• Ferrario, Andrea, Alessandro Facchini & Alberto Termine. 2024. Experts or Authorities? The Strange Case of the Presumed Epistemic Superiority of Artificial Intelligence Systems. Minds and Machines 34(3). 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-024-09681-1.
• Gefen, David & Orakwue (Bay) Arinze. 2023. ChatGPT and usurping academic authority. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research. Routledge 25(1). 3– 9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2023.2186629.
• Handman, Courtney. 2023. Language at the Limits of the Human: Deceit, Invention, and the Specter of the Unshared Symbol. Comparative Studies in Society and History 65(4). 726–750. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417523000221.
• Harjunpää, Katariina & Beatrice Szczepek Reed. 2025. Prosodic matching beyond humans: On the interactional basis of “cat-directed” talk. Language & Communication 103. 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2025.04.007. Heaton, Dan, Elena Nichele, Jeremie Clos & Joel E. Fischer. 2025. “ChatGPT says no”: agency, trust, and blame in Twitter discourses after the launch of ChatGPT. AI and Ethics 5(1). 653–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00414-1.
• Hector, Tim. 2023. Smart Speaker in der Praxis. Methodologische Überlegungen zur medienlinguistischen Erforschung stationärer Sprachassistenzsysteme. Sprache und Literatur 51(2). 197–229. https://doi.org/10.30965/25890859-05002021.
• Hepp, Andreas. 2020. Artificial companions, social bots and work bots: communicative robots as research objects of media and communication studies. Media, Culture & Society 42(7–8). 1410–1426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720916412.
• Hill, Jennifer, W. Randolph Ford & Ingrid G. Farreras. 2015. Real conversations with artificial intelligence: A comparison between human–human online conversations and human– chatbot conversations. Computers in Human Behavior 49. 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.026.
• Huneke, Hans W. 2004. Sprechen zu Tieren: Formen und Funktionen tiergerichteten Sprechens. München: Iudicium.
• Leblebici, Didem. 2024. “You are Apple, why are you speaking to me in Turkish?”: the role of English in voice assistant interactions. Multilingua. De Gruyter Mouton 43(4). 455–485. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2023-0072.
• Lehner, Sabine. 2023. Kommunikationsideologien in der Mensch-Maschinen-Interaktion. Eine diskursanalytische Vorstudie zur deutschsprachigen Medienberichterstattung über Sprachtechnologien. https://www.academia.edu/103610050/Kommunikationsideologien_in_der_Mensch_Maschinen_Interaktion_Eine_diskursanalytische_Vorstudie_zur_deutschsprachigen_Medienberichterstattung_%C3%BCber_Sprachtechnologien. (10 October, 2025).
• Mondémé, Chloé. 2018. How do we talk to animals? Modes and pragmatic effects of communication with pets. Langage et société. Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme 163(1). 77–99.
• Mondémé, Chloé. 2023. Sequence organization in human–animal interaction. An exploration of two canonical sequences. Journal of Pragmatics 214. 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.06.006.
• Nikghalb, Mohammad Ronagh & Jinghui Cheng. 2025. Interrogating AI: Characterizing Emergent Playful Interactions with ChatGPT. Proceedings of the ACM on Human- Computer Interaction 9(2). 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3711015.
• Peltola, Rea & Mika Simonen. 2024. Towards interspecies pragmatics: Language use and embodied interaction in human-animal activities, encounters, and narratives. Journal of Pragmatics 220. 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.11.013.
• Pitsch, Karola. 2023. Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion als Forschungsinstrument der Interaktionalen Linguistik. In Matthias Meiler & Martin Siefkes (eds.), Linguistische Methodenreflexion im Aufbruch, 119–152. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111043616-005.
• Pütz, Ole & Elena Esposito. 2024. Performance without understanding: How ChatGPT relies on humans to repair conversational trouble. Discourse & Communication 18(6). 859–868. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504813241271492.
• Reineke, Silke & Henrike Helmer. 2024. User practices in dealing with trouble in interactions with virtual assistants in German: Repeating, altering and insisting. Discourse & Communication 18(6).942 953. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504813241271494.
• Szczepek Reed, Beatrice & Susanne Lundesjö Kvart. 2025. The Role of Horses as Instructional and Diagnostic Partners in Riding Lessons. Animals 15(10). 1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15101418.
• Zhu, Gaoxia, Vidya Sudarshan, Jason Fok Kow & Yew Soon Ong. 2024. Human-Generative AI Collaborative Problem Solving Who Leads and How Students Perceive the Interactions. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.13048.